Bhutan's culture is deeply rooted in Vajrayana Buddhism and the concept of Gross National Happiness. A little cultural awareness goes a long way in making your visit respectful and rewarding.
Dress code
- Modest clothing is appreciated, especially when visiting dzongs, monasteries and temples — covered shoulders and knees are recommended.
- Bhutanese citizens wear the traditional Gho (men) and Kira (women) for formal occasions and government offices; visitors are not expected to wear these but may purchase them as souvenirs.
Visiting dzongs and monasteries
- Remove your hat, sunglasses, and shoes before entering temple halls.
- Photography is often not permitted inside temple interiors — always ask your guide first.
- Walk clockwise around chortens (stupas), prayer wheels and temple interiors.
- Avoid pointing your feet towards statues of Buddha or sitting with your back to an altar.
General etiquette
- A small bow or "Kuzu zangpo la" (hello) is a warm way to greet people.
- Public displays of affection are uncommon and best kept minimal.
- Tipping is not obligatory but is appreciated for guides and drivers — your IVH Bhutan trip coordinator can advise on appropriate amounts.
Smoking and tobacco
Bhutan has strict laws on tobacco — the sale of tobacco products is banned, and smoking in public places is prohibited. Travellers may carry a personal allowance for their own consumption but must declare it at customs.
Photography etiquette
Always ask before photographing local people, especially monks and elderly residents. Many are happy to be photographed if asked politely first.
A note on "Gross National Happiness"
Bhutan famously measures progress through Gross National Happiness rather than GDP alone — balancing economic growth with cultural preservation, environmental conservation and good governance. You'll notice this philosophy reflected in the unhurried pace of daily life, from market days to monastery festivals.